e-Shram is the National Database of Unorganised Workers (NDUW) maintained by the Ministry of Labour and Employment. Every registered worker receives an e-Shram card with a 12-digit Universal Account Number (eShram UAN), enabling convergence of social-security benefits — Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan pension, accident insurance, ration portability under One Nation One Ration Card, and state-level construction-worker welfare schemes. Verifiers (state labour departments, scheme implementing agencies, recruiters) confirm registration status, occupation code and Aadhaar-linked demographic data through the portal's lookup. Common Service Centres across the country provide assisted enrolment for non-tech-savvy workers.